Monkeypox is endemic in certain parts of Africa, but outbreaks in Europe and North America have recently occurred. While still uncommon, clinicians need to be alert to the possibility of this diagnosis.

Since the discovery of HIV, scientists have made major inroads in understanding modes of transmission, infectivity, and pathogenicity. Therapeutic alternatives, especially antiretroviral drugs, have been tested and approved and are providing benefit to many who are HIV-infected.

Healthcare professionals will continue to play a major and significant role in preventing the spread of HIV infection and in caring for those who are infected or affected by HIV.

Medical ethics, also known as bioethics, is an amalgam of medicine, law, and religion. It is also influenced by cultural beliefs. In this course, we will define the most common ethical principles and note their relationship to the basic theories of ethics.