By the end of this module, the APRN should be able to:

• describe the epidemiology of substance use disorder (SUD)
• discuss the three different classes of controlled substances most commonly misused: indications, risks, benefits, common adverse effects, and alternatives for opioids, central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and stimulants
• define medication tolerance, dependence, and addiction
• highlight the evidence-based guidelines for safe prescribing practices
• discuss pain management, including both acute and chronic pain, and special considerations for controlled substance use in older adults and pregnant patients
• review the special circumstances involved in palliative medicine and end-of-life care
• explore the prevention, screening, and signs of potential SUD and addiction
• describe the appropriate response to and current treatment options for SUD and addiction
• review the New York State and federal requirements for prescribing controlled substances